Huge Canaanite Fortress Uncovered in City of David

A huge Canaanite fortification of more than 3,700 years old was uncovered in archaeological excavations in the City of David. The fortification rises to a height of eight meters, and it seems that the Canaanites used it to defend the path that led to the spring. This is the first time that such massive construction that predates the Herodian period has been discovered in Jerusalem," said director of the excavation Professor Ronny Reich.

"This is the most massive wall that has ever been uncovered in the City of David," Reich said. "We are dealing with a gigantic fortification: from the standpoint of the structure’s dimensions, the thickness of its walls and the size of the stones that were incorporated in its construction. The walls appear to be a protected, well-fortified passage that descends to the spring tower from some sort of fortress that stood at the top of the hill."

Reich goes on to explain how such a fortification might have been used. "The construction of a protected passage such as this is a plausible solution that explains the innate contradiction of the situation whereby the spring – which is a source of life for the fortress’ inhabitants in time of emergency – is located in the weakest and most vulnerable place in the area. The construction of a protected passage, even though it involves tremendous effort, is a solution for which there are several parallels in antiquity, albeit from periods that are later than the remains described here. A small section of the fortification was discovered in 1909, and it has been ascertained in the present excavations that it was part of an enormous wall."

Historical Significance of the Fortress

During this period, Jerusalem and the fields around it were an independent political entity, similar to its neighbors Shechem to the north and Jericho to the east. Massive walls resembling the one that was just exposed in Jerusalem are known from Canaanite Hebron (Tel Rumeida), Shechem (Tell Balata) and Gezer.

According to Professor Reich, “Even though it would seem we are dealing with impressive fortifications, the walls were primarily used to defend against marauding desert nomads who wanted to rob the city. These are the earliest fortifications in the region and they bear witness to the fact that from this point on, the settlement had became an urban entity with a ruler who had the capability and resources to build such a structure. A small settlement would have been unsuccessful in organizing such construction."

The known section of the fortification is 24 meters long; however, it is thought the fortification is much longer because it continues west beyond the part that was exposed, at the top of the hillside. Professor Reich adds, “The new discovery shows that the picture regarding Jerusalem’s eastern defenses and the ancient water system in the Middle Bronze Age 2 is still far from clear. Despite the fact that so many have excavated on this hill, there is a very good chance that extremely large and well-preserved architectural elements are still hidden in it and waiting to be uncovered."

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